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FAQ: Using Plateable Hepatocytes in In Vitro Assays
- Test Systems & Methods
- December 13, 2022
- Halee McElhaney, Lucy Fahler
Plateable hepatocytes are often used for induction studies and to research metabolism, biochemistry, virology, host/pathogen interactions, and cell biology. Here,...
Are in vitro drug metabolism and drug-drug interaction studies critical for an IND?
- ADME 101™
- November 1, 2022
- Dr. Andrew G. Taylor, Michael Millhollen, Isis Smith, Amara Millhollen
A Guide to What, Why & When to Conduct ADME Studies When drug developers are preparing their IND, drug metabolism...
New FDA Draft Guidance “Clinical Pharmacology Considerations for the Development of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics” – XenoTech’s perspective on in vitro DDI testing
- Regulatory Guidance
- July 11, 2022
- Dr. Maciej Czerwinski, Dr. Pallavi Limaye, Dr. Brian Ogilvie
The FDA has released a new draft guidance for industry titled “Clinical Pharmacology Considerations for the Development of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics.”...
Spotlight on Efflux and Uptake Drug Transporters in In Vitro Drug-Drug Interaction Studies
- Drug Transporters
- June 23, 2022
- Dr. Andrew G. Taylor, Michael Millhollen, Isis Smith
What are drug transporters? Drug transporters are membrane-bound proteins that assist in the movement of drugs into or out of...
When, Why and How to Conduct CYP2C Induction Studies
- Enzyme Induction
- April 8, 2022
- Dr. Andrew G. Taylor, Rebecca Campbell, Michael Millhollen, Lucy Fahler
Over the years, we have received a lot of questions about cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C induction studies. In February of...
Which Hepatocytes Should I Use for What Studies?
- Test Systems & Methods
- March 25, 2022
- Dr. Chris Bohl, Michael Millhollen, Isis Smith
Primary hepatocytes are considered the gold standard for ADME/DMPK studies because they are the most representative in vitro test system. However, not all hepatocyte formats…
Why Do Most Polled Researchers Run Red Blood Cell Partitioning Studies with Plasma Protein Binding?
- Drug Drug Interactions (DDI)
- January 25, 2022
- Dr. Steven McGreal, Michael Millhollen
Many compounds bind to or diffuse into red blood cells (RBCs), which can significantly impact clearance and cause inaccuracies in PK calculations...
Interesting Topics at the 3rd SCI-RSC Symposium on Transporters in Drug Discovery and Development
- Drug Transporters
- September 22, 2021
- Andy Rhoades, Dr. Andrew G. Taylor, Michael Millhollen, Cody Hendren
A recap of some of the important and promising research that was presented at the Transporters in Drug Discovery and Development symposium...
Why Switch to Hepatocyte Pellets?
- Test Systems & Methods
- June 30, 2021
- Michael Millhollen, Dr. Chris Bohl
You may have heard about the patented CryostaX® format of hepatocyte pellets, but do you know why XenoTech and countless other researchers have made the…
Four Ways CROs Drive Innovation for Improved In Vitro Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) Studies
- Drug Metabolism
- May 17, 2021
- Darina Hynes, Madison Esely-Kohlman
Agility and focused growth allow drug developers to outsource expertise and benefit the industry at-large by fostering innovation. Panelists at the 2021 Annual DMDG Meeting…
DDI & Drug Repurposing Article featured in Drug Discovery World (DDW) Spring Edition 2021
- Drug Drug Interactions (DDI)
- April 29, 2021
- Madison Esely-Kohlman, Dr. Brian Ogilvie
Repurposing (repositioning, re-profiling, or re-tasking) a drug potentially saves years of costly testing from going to waste and potentially providing a higher chance of success.…
Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Prediction Models Following In Vitro Studies in Preclinical Development
- Drug Drug Interactions (DDI)
- August 12, 2020
- Madison Esely-Kohlman, Dr. Pallavi Limaye, Andrea Wolff, Dr. Maciej Czerwinski
In preclinical development, a drug will be evaluated for potential to cause a drug-drug interaction (DDI) using in vitro experiments and then calculations that...
Toxicokinetic (TK) Analysis for Preclinical Drug Development
- In Vivo & Radiolabeling
- August 6, 2020
- Madison Esely-Kohlman, Jolanta Golec, Dr. Pallavi Limaye
The main goal of preclinical toxicokinetic (TK) studies is to establish a correlation between a candidate compound’s concentration or dose...
Important DDI Considerations for Repurposing Drugs to Treat COVID-19
- Drug Drug Interactions (DDI)
- June 8, 2020
- Madison Esely-Kohlman
“Given the rapid spread of COVID-19 and its relatively high mortality, filling the gap for coronavirus-specific drugs is urgent. […]...
Missing Out on Annual ‘Comforting of the Soul’
- Our Team
- May 29, 2020
- Deja Coffin, Madison Esely-Kohlman, Jolanta Golec
As we begin this summer, many of us are grieving opportunities lost for parties and pool days with friends and...
What is ADME and how does it fit into drug development?
- Drug Metabolism
- April 10, 2020
- Madison Esely-Kohlman, Dr. Brian Ogilvie
The main aim of drug development is to get a compound that has a therapeutic effect into the form of...
In Vitro Evaluation of Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Potential
- Enzyme Inhibition
- March 24, 2020
- Madison Esely-Kohlman, Zachary Mitts, Dr. Joanna Barbara
In its most recent in vitro drug interaction guidance update, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) emphasized harmony with the...
How can in vitro and in vivo studies help me understand my drug’s clearance?
- Regulatory Guidance
- March 5, 2020
- Madison Esely-Kohlman, Dr. Joanna Barbara
Systemic clearance, denoting how much drug is cleared from a volume of blood per unit of time, is of critical...
Timing of In Vitro Studies: Early, Thorough ADME for Your Compound’s Success
- Regulatory Guidance
- February 13, 2020
- Madison Esely-Kohlman, Dr. Chris Bohl, Greg Loewen
Beyond the need for evidence that a drug works, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other regulatory bodies around the...
How Can I Make Sure My Data Meets Regulatory Expectations?
- Regulatory Guidance
- January 10, 2020
- Madison Esely-Kohlman, Greg Loewen
Regulatory authorities publish updated guidance documents that share their expectations for endpoints and test systems with drug developers, but sometimes it is difficult to...
What You Need to Know About Micro-Autoradiography (mARG) Distribution Studies
- In Vivo & Radiolabeling
- December 19, 2019
- Jolanta Golec, Madison Esely-Kohlman
In vivo determination of drug localization in tissue can be uniquely informative to drug developers investigating distribution within the context of...
What In Vitro Metabolism and DDI Studies Do I Actually Need?
- Regulatory Guidance
- November 25, 2019
- Madison Esely-Kohlman, Greg Loewen
Though there is no ‘roadmap’ spelling out required studies to achieve regulatory approval for clinical entry, a drug candidate’s metabolism...
Mass Balance Studies: What You Need and Why You Need It
- In Vivo & Radiolabeling
- November 15, 2019
- Jolanta Golec, Madison Esely-Kohlman
In vivo mass balance studies are an important element of nonclinical drug development, to inform first in-human (FIH) studies and to...
Why You Need QWBA for Human Radiolabeled ADME Studies
- Regulatory Guidance
- October 4, 2019
- Satoshi Ito
A quantitative whole body autoradiography (QWBA) study provides data required for Human Radiolabeled ADME Studies1. Quantitative whole body autoradiography (QWBA) is an in...
How to Choose the Right Test Systems for Your DMPK Studies
- Test Systems & Methods
- September 12, 2019
- Dr. Chris Bohl, Madison Esely-Kohlman
Test systems for DMPK in vitro studies are part of the very foundation of our company. Our labs were borne of...
Can CYP3A4 Induction Predict P-glycoprotein Induction in DDI Studies?
- Enzyme Induction
- August 20, 2019
- Shanté Jackson, Madison Esely-Kohlman
Generally, a drug’s effects on enzyme and transporter activity are examined independently in a drug development program, but what if...
In Vivo ADME: What You Need and Why You Need It
- In Vivo & Radiolabeling
- July 22, 2019
- Madison Esely-Kohlman, Satoshi Ito
When putting together a data package for regulatory approval by the FDA, EMA, or PMDA, there is a lot to...
The Story of Us
- Updated Offerings
- July 1, 2019
- Madison Esely-Kohlman, Satoshi Ito
This year at XenoTech we celebrate our 25th birthday, and our partner in Japan turns 64! Looking back over our history,...
Transporters of Emerging Importance in Drug Development: Beyond the Guidance Documents
- Regulatory Guidance
- June 25, 2019
- Madison Esely-Kohlman, Dr. Brian Ogilvie
Dr. Ogilvie’s presentation discusses critical literature and case studies which have been published following the FDA’s 2017 guidance revision, and covered...
Cell Handling & Media Selection for Best Results in Hepatocyte Assays
- Test Systems & Methods
- June 19, 2019
- Dr. Chris Bohl, Madison Esely-Kohlman
Getting reliable, reproducible results from studies using hepatocytes as a model system for drug metabolism is in part dependent on how well...
In Vitro Induction Studies: Elements of Design and Important Considerations in Data Analysis
- Enzyme Induction
- May 13, 2019
- Madison Esely-Kohlman, Dr. Joanna Barbara, Rebecca Campbell
Why do induction studies? Induction potential is an important piece of the drug-drug interaction (DDI) component of an IND submission. Simply put, we...
Official PMDA English Translation
- Regulatory Guidance
- May 7, 2019
- Madison Esely-Kohlman, Dr. Brian Ogilvie
The Japanese regulatory agent PMDA (Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency) recently published an official English translation of their final Drug Interaction Guideline...
Quality Control is What Makes the Comprehensive Collection of Cell Lines from JCRB Among the Highest Regarded and Most Widely Distributed in the World
- Test Systems & Methods
- April 23, 2019
- Madison Esely-Kohlman, Dr. Arihiro Kohara, Kimiho Yamada
About JCRB cell bank In addition to focus on preclinical ADME in vitro testing services and complementary products, XenoTech offers to our clients...
Minding Your Binding: Plasma Protein Binding Potential Study Now Available at Our US Labs
- Test Systems & Methods
- April 15, 2019
- Madison Esely-Kohlman, Andrea Wolff, Dr. Joanna Barbara
While liver and intestine are important in ADME, behavior in blood is also crucial. When an orally administered drug or...
Can Interactions Between Therapeutic Proteins and Small Molecule Drugs Be Evaluated In Vitro?
- Biologics & Oligonucleotides
- April 4, 2019
- Greg Loewen, Dr. Maciej Czerwinski
The mechanisms of clearance for small molecule drugs and therapeutic proteins are fundamentally distinct and therefore therapeutic proteins are generally not...
New Liver Tissue Microarrays Available – What Would Benefit Your Research?
- Disease-Specific Resources
- April 2, 2019
- Madison Esely-Kohlman, Dr. Maciej Czerwinski
As technology evolves to better meet needs in exploration of drug metabolism pathways and disease mechanisms, familiarization with appropriate and...
Disease-State Test Systems
- Test Systems & Methods
- January 13, 2019
- Michael Millhollen, Dr. Chris Bohl
XenoTech has been working with and supplying reagents for the pre-clinical ADME field for well over two decades. Years of...
Important Considerations for the Conduct of In Vitro Drug Transporter Assays
- Drug Transporters
- January 11, 2019
- Greg Loewen, Andrea Wolff, Michael Millhollen
Not only can drug transporters affect the absorption and excretion of drugs, they can be involved in pharmacokinetic-based drug-drug interactions...
5 Keys to Set Your Contract Research Organization (CRO) Collaboration Up for Success
- Updated Offerings
- January 7, 2019
- Michael Millhollen, Kelsey Acree
Over the past 25 years of performing ADME/DMPK/DDI contract research, we’ve learned some key strategies to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness...
Holiday CSR Activities
- Updated Offerings
- December 26, 2018
- Michael Millhollen, Deja Coffin
XenoTech understands that a better future starts with our actions today, and encourages its global family to remain focused on...
FDA Guidance: Many In Vitro DDI Evaluations Should Precede FIH Studies
- Regulatory Guidance
- December 6, 2018
- Dr. Brian Ogilvie, Andrea Wolff
In October 2017, the FDA released its much-anticipated draft guidance documents for drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies, which was finalized in...
Coverage from the October 2018 PBSS DDI Workshop
- Drug Transporters
- November 5, 2018
- Greg Loewen, Michael Millhollen
The Pharmaceutical and BioScience Society (PBSS) hosted the workshop “Drug-Drug Interactions: Update on Risk Assessment, Clinical Evaluation and Regulatory Requirements” on October...
To GLP or not to GLP?
- Regulatory Guidance
- October 5, 2018
- Scott Hickman, Dr. Brian Ogilvie, Tim Patterson
That is the question. . . Knowing the answer may save you time and money Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) are...
New Recommendation: Evaluate NMEs for OCT1 Transporter-Mediated DDI Potential
- Drug Transporters
- October 1, 2018
- Dr. Brian Ogilvie, Andrea Wolff
Brian Ogilvie, Ph.D., Vice President of Scientific Consulting at XenoTech, presented a case study on the importance of the hepatic OCT1...
Challenges & Solutions in Today’s In Vitro Transporter Research
- Drug Transporters
- August 30, 2018
- Michael Millhollen, Dr. Joanna Barbara
Transporters are membrane-bound proteins that govern the passage of drugs into and out of cells. These gatekeeper proteins can be...
IQ Induction Working Group Publishes Recommendations for Data Interpretation of In Vitro Induction – Focus on CYP3A4 mRNA
- Enzyme Induction
- July 13, 2018
- Scott Hickman, Dr. Brian Ogilvie
XenoTech is proud to have made contributions to the paper entitled, “Considerations from the IQ Induction Working Group in Response...
New Guidance on Bioanalytical Services
- Regulatory Guidance
- July 6, 2018
- Scott Hickman, Seema Muranjan
XenoTech offers bioanalytical services to support both internal groups and external clients. We have validated LC-MS/MS methods for human CYP markers, UDP...
No-Cost, On-Demand Primary Human Hepatocyte Pooling Using CryostaX Pellets
- Test Systems & Methods
- June 15, 2018
- Michael Millhollen, Dr. Chris Bohl
CryostaX® hepatocytes are created using a patented process that produces unique single-donor cell pellets. This format allows scientists to easily pool primary...
AAPS-FDA Drug Transporters
- Regulatory Guidance
- May 30, 2018
- Greg Loewen, Michael Millhollen
The American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) co-sponsored the workshop “Drug Transporters in ADME:...
Maximize Metabolic Activities by Limiting Hepatocyte Cryoinjury
- Drug Metabolism
- May 1, 2018
- Michael Millhollen, Dr. Chris Bohl
Cryopreservation and thawing of primary hepatocytes causes inherent damage to the cells. Traditional pooling methods require cells to undergo two separate cryopreservation...
No More Water Baths! Simplify Hepatocyte Thaws and Eliminate Contamination
- Test Systems & Methods
- April 3, 2018
- Michael Millhollen, Dr. Chris Bohl
XenoTech has patented technology that eliminates the need for the water baths that are traditionally required to thaw cryopreserved hepatocytes. By removing water...
Insects and Cattle and Sheep, Oh My!
- Test Systems & Methods
- February 15, 2018
- Michael Millhollen, Aaron Hilgedick
Over the past two decades, we’ve received a lot of interesting requests for custom tissue preparations here at XenoTech. “We’ve...
XenoTech Featured in Fall Issue of NewsWave
- Accomplishments
- November 15, 2017
- Michael Millhollen
Leader in pharmaceutical research and scientific collaboration Originally printed in the Fall 2017 Issue of NewsWave. XenoTech, LLC, which is...
Initial Impressions of New Draft FDA DDI Guidance Documents from XenoTech
- Regulatory Guidance
- October 26, 2017
- Michael Millhollen, Dr. Brian Ogilvie
Updated Nov. 6th, 2017 The FDA has released its long-awaited new draft guidance for industry on drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies....
Considerations When Studying Esterase Activities in the Intestine
- Drug Metabolism
- July 12, 2017
- Dr. Chris Bohl, Michael Millhollen
The gastrointestinal wall is a significant site of first-pass metabolism for oral drugs, which is commonly associated with CYP450 and...
New Liver Disease Resource and Other Research Biobank News
- Updated Offerings
- May 26, 2017
- Michael Millhollen, Dr. Maciej Czerwinski
XenoTech is committed to furthering the knowledge surrounding hepatic diseases, which affects one out of four people worldwide, such as...
XenoTech Joins Fight Against Liver Disease
- Disease-Specific Resources
- September 16, 2016
- Dr. Maciej Czerwinski, Michael Millhollen
XenoTech is committed to furthering the knowledge surrounding hepatic diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis...
XenoTech Featured on Labiotech.EU
- Enzyme Inhibition
- July 5, 2016
- Michael Millhollen
Understand which transporters are involved in a drug’s absorption, distribution & excretion Originally posted on Labiotech.EU How can you build the...
XenoTech Fulfills Largest Order To Date
- Accomplishments
- February 1, 2016
- Michael Millhollen
XenoTech recently fulfilled its largest order of human liver subcellular fractions to date. A large pharmaceutical customer ordered over 30,000...
XenoTech Hosts Bring Your Kids to Work Day
- Our Team
- May 4, 2015
- Matthew Beck, Michael Millhollen
On Thursday, April 23rd, XenoTech participated in “bring your child to work day”. At XenoTech, we are passionate about what...
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